The nature of Indian Political Scenario is Democratic based on Universal Adult Franchise that is Right To vote after 18 years of age. Political Scenario inculcates several components such as Political Parties, Pressure Groups, Trade Union, Government and their organs where constitution plays as a guiding source in maintaining a balance between the various organs.
The various aspects are discussed below:
1. Importance of trade and economy : Trade and Economy are the two important sides of the coin. Trade plays a crucial role in shaping a country’s economy which directly or indirectly effects the political status-quo. India is in a trade deficit of US$96.58 billion with imports of US$730.84 billion(FY2025 APRIL-DECEMBER) and exports of US$634.26 billion(FY2025 APRIL-DECEMBER) as per the pib.gov reports of MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY which is reversed towards the citizens, as Higher Trade deficit of a country hinders the Growth of Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of the economy. Trade and Economy lies on the sources like exchange of natural resources, minerals or mining of fossil fuels, biodegradable chemicals(biomass), renewable energy systems(solar, wind, hydro), electrical energy generation, foods and beverages, pulses, tea leaves and many more. Trade and economy of a nation can reach its optimum heights through proper strategic planning and management of food industries, Tourism industries collaborating with maximum entrepreneurs as well as manufacturing corporations of raw khadi products hand made/woven which will foster grassroot citizens by enhancing the village economy. Hence, will lead to overall spread of development from Bottom-up Approach.
2. Government: The two main organs of Government directly linked are Legislature and Executive which must be followed through proper law and order. The law making body that is the legislature comprises of the members of parliament and the cabinet which stands responsible for law making procedure.
A)The legislature; It has three dimensions which are discussed below:-
a)Checks and Balances:-The rule/law making body must ensure the advantages and disadvantages or the prospects and consecutives of the the laws made in the parliament. The analysis of the subject matter should be given prior importance by applied research among the citizenry. This would lead to introspection of the laws for better welfare of citizens.
b) Transparency: It should ensure and maintain transparent hierarchy and accountable, efficient, responsible government employees in every local to district administration to state administration as well linked to central government organizations/agencies such as pressure groups, interest groups must look up on manifesting people’s needs and interests, becoming more responsive towards these major aspects is automatically welfare driven into a greater level of development.
c) Policy Execution: The policy execution is another important aspect of Indian government. There are many government policies and schemes for uplifting the downtrodden family or deprived people but the major issue arises here is the unwanted scattering of the economically benefitted people, who are falsely gathering availability of scheme amounts. This is made possible through data falsification procedure existing in India. This is done by misleading or misinterpreting the collection of documents while verification of policy/scheme beneficiary list which goes to the top most government. The funds are generally wasted on economically stronger families as well. Hence, the result is poor becoming more and more poorer and rich is getting more and more wealthy. The lacking is equal monetary balance or distribution among the citizens. The emphasis on equity or equitable distribution of monetary is the only solution to this major concern of Indian Scenario.
B) The Executive: Executive comprises of the law applying body which executes any law being formulated in a nation. Executive is associated with various factors such as annual budget analysis and budget formulation and others which are also discussed below:
a) Budget Formulation: The cabinet minister (Finance) analyses the previous year budget and the current expenditures and by comparison allots different funds to different govt. departments such as Sports, Education, Textiles, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Foreign Affairs, e t c and sets an estimated budget for the upcoming annual financial/fiscal year, and hence, proposes before the speaker of the Houses of Parliament. Once the Budget is passed, it is approved/disapproved by the President. If approved gets applied and funds are passed to the various departments(say for example, RAILWAYs) and starts working effectively among Government/Organizations.
b) Bureaucratic Role: The various administrative officers have a specific role to generate data and approve the actions of people by cross checking the information available to them. The report the higher Officials through a pattern of hierarchy in India which is known as scalar chain in organizations from Bottom to up officials and meanwhile by hooping from one level to the middle layer, the transparency becomes or starts to fade away, the data falsification is rectified in the middle layer and hence the higher layer officials are misleading successfully. Hence, the concept of Red Tapism is introduced for the so called corruption prevailing in Indian governments from the state to the central layers. The bureaucracy plays a major role and is the major cause of the existing underdevelopment at the remote villages. The Non-Traditional Security like poverty existing unemployment, lack of job availability for young youths in India, rising terrorist activities and different religious crimes leading to regionalism and discrimination among people. The bureaucratic administration at the local level comprising security forces or personnel of police administration must keep a regular check on crime rates increasing per day and left unregistered very often in India.
c) Cabinet Functions: The cabinet functioning and the command should be a replica on the issues exhibiting control on conflicts and their resolution should be focused with immediate action whereas delaying the situation of chaos will always lead to further destruction of societal harmony and peaceful maintenance. This leads to loss of lives and infrastructures as well, by summing together there has been cases of delayed justice or resolution passing from the government and officials which shows negligence towards mere citizens.
d) Diplomatic Functions: The Foreign Diplomats from various nations plays a major role in shaping the national interests and achievement of the national interest of a nation. The national agenda of any nation is to be fulfilled and uplifted by the diplomats residing abroad from the native nation to the residing nation. The foreign service personnels protect and maintain the interactive relation between the two or more interacting nations. They resolve various issues and by negotiating come to a conclusion for maintaining peace and harmony in the anarchical world order. The globe would have been in full chaos if these diplomatic functions were not implemented in proper.
3. MLA’s at state levels: MLA’s are elected in the State Assembly by electing from particular constituencies for representing the grassroots citizen and their issues & faced challenges to resolve. They are the representatives of people at the state level to address the problems of say-
A)Transportation: There are some major sources for transport: the roadways, the airways, the railways. there are even villages in India where no transport reach during even an emergency of health crisis. There are schemes such as Ayushman Bharat which ensures rupees 5 lakhs per person(a holder/beneficiary of Ayushman Bharat scheme). There are citizens who are a beneficiary of such schemes but they do not possess the basic transportation facility to reach the hospitals/health care to avail the particular scheme amount or treatment for the particular disease caused. The airways performance has drastically declined due to high pressure and a maximum work of excessive duty time. The airlines workmen have lesser or no leisure time as compared to other government department employees, so these necessitates the consideration for proper or smooth functioning. The railways transport issues lack maintenance during fog. The another cause is trains stand cancelled during heavy flood which also needs resolution for citizen centric approach to maintain. People do not have a freedom of time management when such situations arises.
B) Public Service Delivery: Government is failing to ensure the minimum government maximum governance. Hence, better Public Service Delivery is not fulfilled. Here, the laws apply as maximum government minimum governance because One Nation One Election has been in political talks on recent trends, One Nation One Examination was on topic of talk. Yes, One nation is true, but we must remember that a Nation with multiple diversity is also valid and true. The societal and political concept and the historical struggle of independence during early 20th century should also be considered when such decision is taken prudently. This portrays a governments strength and an opposition’s role or check on the standing government. The powers of a government when exercised in positive terms leads to equitable benefits for the underprivileged and deprived sections as well.
C) Corruption: The term “corruption” is well known to all & everybody is mostly familiar with and also nobody reveals about it. It would not be wrong, if said , that corruption exists in the bloods of Indian government employees starting from the very first step or the bottom level of any office hierarchy that is the scalar chain model starting from bottom and then goes to top in a stratified manner. It is purely filtered and manipulated. The youths who are the employment seeking citizens faces such office scenario and hence when he/she himself/herself gets employed and later becomes the same as corrupt officials.
4. Grassroot Citizens: The citizens have Right to Vote that is Universal Adult Franchise through which grassroot citizens participate in electoral processes and leads to the formation of the government. The citizens of India are facing non traditional threats which is impacting the political scenario in direct or indirect way. Those non traditional threats are discussed below:
A)Increasing Poverty:- The life’s of Indian citizens those of underprivileged sections are getting more poor due to no positive discrimination or no equitable distribution of goods and services delivery among the group of people. These are the deprived classes of people with no opportunity of growth. For example, if a person or child do not have either of his/her both parent, then he/she is unable to avail the scholarship because of no document or no income certificate and hence he/she cannot have any parental income he/she is deprived of BPL(Below Poverty Line) card under which food as a basic necessity is provided as a free aid y the government in few states of India. It is followed hereditarily with no government tracking on then due to lack of resources or no documents of government identity. This is a result of illiteracy still existing in India. Prevailing systems should undergo change or consider them with proper surveilance and provide dharamshalas or orphanage homes or by arranging them clothes for those who are abandoned.
B) Unemployment:-The ratio of urban female unemployment and urban male unemployment is currently 9.1:5.6 which has a major difference in ratio and is still prevailing. These data stats is linked with the growing population and the lacking land resources for settlement and lacking infrastructures and lacking other natural resources like decreasing water quality (PH becoming unfit for drinking), decreasing air quality index (unbreathable metro cities, above 300 minimum) which is impacting interrelatedly. Unemployment factor is rising due to growing population. Government should look for increasing employment because it is impacting the livelihood of poor/deprived people.
C) Increasing poor livelihood: The livelihood of poor is worsening day by day due to less initiatives taken towards growing environmental concerns. The livelihood pattern of poor has remained with no concern because they are not able to purchase oxygen masks or even inhalers or any air purifier systems. The future generation or the children, their immunity parameters to fight against any disease has drastically fallen due to such above mentioned factors.
5. Lack of Environmental Awareness: The state and the center should make the initiatives for Environmental Awareness schemes from village level to city administration to metropolitan city administration, so that harming the environment does not lead to killing our future generations to come. It is a threat to our human race for further survival. The rules like “if a tree is cut then 5 must need to be planted” should be implied or else government should impose rules for compensating and the compensation paid must be used in plantation purposes. These can better save the oxygen and maintain the air quality, the cities must ensure they have shelter belts in the traffic regions so that maximum noise is absorbed by the trees nearer and should be stopped because in todays scenario the farmers due to lack of knowledge uses excess amount of fertilizers which is more than required. These are the reasons why Indian children mostly are coming under the trap of obesity or facing Hormonal fluctuations, also vision loss is seen among the smaller age group children in these present days(see more for Judicial scenario…..)
References
1 K.K. Ghai, Book-Political Sociology
2 Munin Baruah, Pankaj Borah, Book- Political Sociology: Theories and Concepts
3 K.K. Ghai, Book-Politics in India
4 M. Laxmikanth, Book- INDIAN POLITY
5 Dr. B. L. Fadia, Dr. Kuldeep Fadia, Book- Indian Government and Politics